Over the past 15 years, the Black-white gap in upward economic mobility shrank by 27%
In their new study (Chetty, Dobbie, Goldman, Porter, Yang), analyze changes in economic opportunity using new data on 57 million children born between 1978 and 1992 from anonymized Census and tax records. Although substantial racial gaps persist, we find rapid changes in the size of these gaps: over the past 15 years, the Black-white gap in upward economic mobility shrank by 27%. During the same period, class gaps expanded.
Some key insights:
- The Black-white gap in upward mobility shrank significantly in the past 15 years.
- In areas where Black children’s outcomes improved the most, white children also did relatively better.
- Divergent trends in mobility by race and class were driven by changes in the communities in which children grew up, as measured by parental employment rates.
- Social interactions are central to changing opportunity: children’s outcomes are shaped by parental employment rates of peers with whom they interact most.



















